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Transverse wave. Animation shows the
propagation of elastic wave in a grid which consists of the balls
connected each other by springs. The oscillation in transverse wave
occurs in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the wave
propagation. |
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Longitudinal wave. Every ball
oscillates harmonically in longitudinal direction, which coincides with
the direction of the wave propagation. All the balls in a longitudinal
wave oscillate with equal amplitudes, while the phase of oscillation
increases linearly from ball to ball. |
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Superposition
of transverse and longitudinal waves of equal amplitudes shifted by phase at 90
degrees. As a result every ball moves in a circle path. |
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The molecules on the water surface move under
the action of surface tension and gravity. If the amplitude of the wave
propagating on the water surface is small, then every ball, which
simulate a molecule, will move
in a circle path. The radii of these circles are diminishing with the depth,
so the balls in bottom part of animation
are still. |
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The waves on the surface of the water are
neither longitudinal nor transverse. We can see in animation that red
ball, which simulates the molecule of the water surface, moves in a
circle path. So, the wave on the water surface is the superposition of
transverse and longitudinal motions of the molecules. |
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